zkEVM
zkEVM is a zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine that uses zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge) to verify transactions. It aims to provide the security of Layer 1 with the scalability of Layer 2 by offloading transaction processing to a secondary layer and posting proofs on the Ethereum mainnet.
Data availability committees (DAC )
The DAC is a trusted set of nodes that stores copies of data offline.
The DAC is required to make the data available in the event of a dispute.
Members of the DAC also publish on-chain attestations to prove that the said data is indeed available.
DACs are trusted parties that provide, or attest to, data availability.
Validium
Validiums are a type of Layer 2 scaling solution that combines the security of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK proofs) with off-chain transaction data availability.
This allows for significantly higher scalability as transaction data is not limited by the blockspace constraints of Ethereum.
However, it requires validators to ensure the availability of transaction data outside of the Ethereum network.
The validium mode inherits, not just the prover, but all the zkEVM’s components and their functionalities, except that it does not publish transaction data on L1.
Validium = zkEVM + DAC.
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